CNC Punching - sheet metal working on CNC punch presses

Computer numerically controlled (CNC) punching is a sheet metal manufacturing process that is carried out by CNC punch presses. These machines can be either a single head and tool rail design or multi-tool turret design. The CNC punching machine is basically programmed to move a sheet of metal in an x and y direction so as to accurately position the sheet under the machine’s punching ram ready to punch a hole or form.

The processing range for most CNC punch presses is 0.5mm to 6.0mm thick in a range of materials including steel, zintec, galv, stainless steel and aluminium. The choice of hole punched can be as simple as a circle or rectangle right through to special shapes to suit a specific cut out design. By using a combination of single hits and overlapping geometries, complex sheet metal component shapes can be produced.

The machine may also punch 3D forms such as dimples, taptite® screw thread plunges, and electrical knockouts etc on either side of the sheet, which are often employed in sheet metal enclosure design. Some modern machines may have the ability to tap threads, fold small tabs, punch sheared edges without any tool witness marks making the machine very productive within the component cycle time. The instruction to drive the machine to create the desired component geometry is know as the CNC program.

CNC Programming sheet metal components on a CNC punch press

CNC programming is the computer aided manufacturing (CAM) side of the CAD/CAM cycle. Information about a design may be presented in a 2D format such as DXF or DWG files or a 3D file format. This information is then used to create the flat sheet metal pressing and assign the correct tooling to create the desired component. The software can also be used to establish the most efficient layout of components from a given size of sheet metal, known as nesting.

Obviously, the more components that can be produced from a panel of sheet metal the cheaper each CNC punched component will become. Modern software packages such as Radan can help to automate this process to achieve the maximum yield from a given sheet metal panel. As a designer of components that will be CNC punched, you do not need to know the exact details of how this may be achieved but it may be useful to bare the following in mind when designing a component that is to be CNC punched from sheet metal.

Things to remember when designing for CNC Punching of sheet metal

Hole diameters should ideally be no smaller than the material gauge of sheet metal being CNC punched. Plunged forms from the parent sheet metal with tapped holes can save money when replacing threaded inserts. Plunged forms from the parent sheet metal unthreaded ready for taptite® screws can save money on the insertion of threaded inserts and the cost of masking threads if the component is to be painted. These features also enable a self tapping screw to cut into more material than just the sheet metal gauge reducing the risk of stripping the thread if the screw is over tightened.

Cluster tools can be used to reduce CNC punching time for multiple holes and save money on repeated batches of sheet metal work. The tool can have many individual punches within it’s form enabling 1000’s of holes a minute to be punched. These CNC tools can be particularly effective when perforated features such as ventilation areas, speaker grilles, LED panels or light fittings are being produced.

Engraving tools can be used to identify parts with part names, issue levels, customer or product names. Often when manufacturing sheet metal fabrications for a customer they want to be able identify the part in their stores area or in production. Sheet metal parts which are then used in the field may need to be identified for spares and servicing, CNC engraving can be a useful solution. If there is a large volume of parts required then a dedicated CNC tool stamp can be used but if there are a range of different sheet metal parts and only small to medium volumes then CNC engraving is the most efficient solution. A stylus that vibrates 1000′s of times a minute is used to mark the surface of the material. An added advantage of using a CNC punch press to do this engraving is any changes to the information required by the customer in their part number; issue level etc can simply be reprogrammed without any cost to you.

Customers are often looking to take product in a batch size that will enable them to get the right price but in doing so they may not have enough space to store the entire product until it’s used up. One solution to this problem can be the simple ‘flat pack’ design. By CNC punching a series of slots in the sheet metal the component can be weakened so it’s easier to bend by hand in assembly. The same principle can be used for earth tags where a quick push with a screw driver is enough for the tag to stand up from the surface of the sheet and allow an earth terminal to be screwed in place.

Commentary from Dreambird:

In today's competitive market conditions and level of raw material prices, the sheet metal fabricators and manufacturers are trying hard to both increase their efficiency and cut down costs. If a manufacturer has already invested in a punch press with CNC, it should also be worthwhile to widen the investment and purchase a modern and powerful CAD/CAM solution for creating toolpaths and sequences for punching. Solutions like this allow to use material in the most rational way, maximizing the functionality of the machinery. Radan CAD/CAM solution for sheet metal fabrication, developed by Vero Software not only allows to optimize the punching processes and increase the sheet utilization, but perform all the other tasks related to sheet metal fabrication, staying in a single integrated environment. The latest versions of Radan also have powerful capabilities for processing customer's orders and manufacturing logistics. Radan is universal and its toolpath and operation sequences may be used with the machinery of all the popular brands - accurpress, amada, baykal, boschert, durma, euromac, finn-power, trumpf and many other.

With materials from www.vandf.co.uk